山地户外运动罹难事故的基本特征及发生规律--以2008~2017年户外山难事件罹难者为例     

余勇 《湖北体育科技》2020,(1):17-21

以户外罹难者为研究对象,通过卡方检验、对称度量探索户外罹难事故的基本特征及其规律。研究结果显示,自本世纪以来,户外罹难事故逐年攀升,并由高海拔向低海拔、由挑战型向娱乐型和健身型转移,罹难者年龄由中、青年向边缘年龄延伸;自发组织是驴友参与山地户外运动的主要形式,但其"非盈利性"降低了组织稳定性和责任意识,带来了极大的安全隐患;由于缺乏科学的户外精神,山地户外运动正朝向无序、浮躁的方向发展,人为诱因成为了最大的隐形杀手。  相似文献   

Engaging mothers with substance use issues and their children in early intervention: Understanding use of service and outcomes     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Mothers who use substances need integrated, multi-sectoral intervention services to support substance use discontinuation. We explored mothers’ service use at Breaking the Cycle, an early intervention and prevention program for pregnant and parenting women and their young children in Toronto, Canada. We conducted retrospective analyses of families’ service records and client charts (N = 160). Aims were to 1) describe women’s use of service, 2) examine how early engagement of pregnant women related to postnatal service use, and 3) examine the circumstances in which women ended their service relationship with Breaking the Cycle. Specifically, we examined circumstances at service ending relating to women’s service goals; custody status with children; and global substance-use, parent-child relationship, and child development outcomes. We found that these vulnerable women were actively engaged in many services and for a long duration, early engagement was associated with greater service use, and greater service use was associated with more positive circumstances upon ending service. Results provide support for a relational approach to service that promotes not only the relationship between mother and child, and mother and service provider, but also highlights relationships among staff, between staff and management, and between community partners as integral to effective service delivery. Integrating positive relationships at all levels is critical to support vulnerable families with complex needs.  相似文献   

短道速滑个人项目体力分配策略研究          下载免费PDF全文

袁国庆  李文敏  黄佳儒  杨扬  郭立涛  朱永博 《体育科研》2019,(3):2-7

目的：探析短道速滑个人项目两届冬奥会及冬奥会与世锦赛体力分配策略规律差异。方法：收集整理索契、平昌冬奥会，以及2014—2017年世锦赛短道速滑个人项目相关数据，分析单圈用时、肯德尔相关系数。结果：（1）冬奥会各单项单圈用时不同程度地少于世锦赛，平昌不同程度地少于索契；（2）除2016世锦赛500 m，其他赛事均全程具有显著相关（P＜0.05）；（3）除索契冬奥会女子1 000 m，其他赛事均较早出现显著相关（P＜0.05），平昌冬奥会男子与女子均在第7、8圈为高相关（r≥0.70）；（4）平昌冬奥会1 500 m男子第12、13圈，女子第13圈为高相关（r≥0.70），两者均从第9圈开始出现显著相关（P＜0.05）。结论：500 m出发位置尤为重要，高速滑行中稳固站位能力需求突出，冬奥会中对全程维持速度能力的要求逐步提高；冬奥会1 000 m与1 500 m比赛争夺有利位置战术的实施位置较以往更为靠后。  相似文献   

跆拳道后横踢四种战术动作击打速度效果特点及对运动训练的启示     

徐春杰  刘卫军  刘德皓  于海龙 《成都体育学院学报》2020,(1):114-120

目的:研究跆拳道后横踢4种战术动作的击打速度效果及对运动训练的启示。方法:以跆拳道后横踢"进攻""迎击""反击""近身"4种战术动作为研究对象,运用Motion-Analysis红外光点高速运动捕捉测试系统,研究在"空击"状态下部分关节转动幅度,人体重心位移变化,膝关节和踝关节的速度、加速度;并运用电子护具采集后横踢4种战术动作的击打力量。结果:进攻、反击战术动作在骨盆、髋关节旋转上与迎击、近身战术动作有差异(P<0.05),而在躯干、膝和踝关节旋转上没有差异(P>0.05)。进攻、迎击、近身战术动作的提膝向心加速和踝关节离心加速好于"反击"(P<0.05)。进攻、迎击、近身战术动作的提膝速度、击打速度均高于"反击"(P<0.05),击打力量也高于"反击",尤其是"进攻"(P<0.05)。"进攻"和"反击"重心移动速度高于"迎击"和"近身"(P<0.01),向心加速度也高于"迎击"和"近身",尤其是"进攻"(P<0.05),但"反击"移动方向与击打方向相反。结论:跆拳道后横踢4种战术中,"进攻"与"反击","迎击"与"近身"动作结构类似;"进攻""迎击""近身"在整个过程中各环节动作肌肉收缩用力、动量传递、击打力量方面均优于"反击",特别是"进攻"显著优于"反击"。在运动训练中,要以比赛规则为导向,了解战术运用现状,科学提高击打速度,提升击打效果策略,更新运动训练思路。  相似文献   

基于面向对象技术的旅游用地遥感识别     

罗开盛 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(4):490-497

利用国产GF-1卫星影像，以南京市为例，采用面向对象技术对旅游用地信息进行专题提取，研发出基于遥感手段的旅游用地信息提取方法和流程。研究结果如下：1）GF-1夏季影像4个图层（红、绿、蓝和近红外波段）方差的平均值（VI-Summer）是识别旅游用地的有效指标。2）旅游用地提取的制图精度和用户精度分别为83.33%和73.53%，表明基于GF-1卫星影像和面向对象技术的方法能够对旅游用地进行有效识别和监测。3）南京市的旅游用地总面积为137.34 km²。4）在空间分布上，旅游用地主要集中在长江以南地区，尤其是鼓楼区、雨花台区、建邺区、玄武区和秦淮区及其附近；而长江以北（江北）地区相对稀疏。本研究结果可为利用GF-1卫星影像快速有效地监管旅游用地提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

挑战、困境与化解:数字环境下我国图书馆合理使用条款及其适用的再探讨     

王果  张立彬 《图书情报工作》2019,63(10):5-11

[目的/意义] 合理使用是维持著作权人个人利益与社会公共利益平衡的重要机制之一，对承担公共文化服务功能的图书馆尤为重要，但实践中图书馆的合理使用条款并未充分发挥利益平衡的作用，有必要对其存在问题及形成原因进行深入分析。[方法/过程] 通过与域外立法相比较，以及司法实践中的案例分析，可看出我国图书馆合理使用的主要问题在于现行法律规定滞后、规则不明晰，导致合理使用适用范围狭窄，还同时受到许可协议、技术措施的挤压。[结果/结论] 为化解图书馆合理使用条款的适用困境，可从增加原则性规定、明确其法律属性为强制性规定、扩大有关条款的适用范围等方面来完善立法。图书馆自身也应加强知识产权管理、提高知识产权素养，严格遵照法律规定以消除侵权隐患。  相似文献   

A rule induction framework for the determination of representative learning design in skilled performance     

Sam Robertson  Bart Spencer  Nicole Back  Damian Farrow 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1280-1285

Representative learning design provides a framework for the extent to which practice simulates key elements of a performance setting. Improving both the measurement and analysis of representative learning design would allow for the refinement of sports training environments that seek to replicate competition conditions and provide additional context to the evaluation of athlete performance. Using rule induction, this study aimed to develop working models for the determination of high frequency, representative events in Australian Rules football kicking. A sample of 9005 kicks from the 2015 Australian Football League season were categorised and analysed according to the following constraints: type of pressure, kick distance, possession source, time in possession, velocity and kick target. The Apriori algorithm was used to develop two models. The first consisted of 10 rules containing the most commonly occurring constraint sets occurring during the kick in AF, with support values ranging from 0.15 to 0.22. None of the rules contained more than three constraints and confidence values ranged from 0.63 to 0.84. The second model considered ineffective and effective kick outcomes and displayed 70% classification accuracy. This research provides a measurement approach to determine the degree of representativeness of sports practice and is directly applicable to various team sports.  相似文献   

国际乒联频繁修改规则的批判性反思     

王翾  梁勤超  李林 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(10):88-94

采用文献资料等方法，梳理国际乒联21世纪以来的规则改革，反思其存在的问题。21世纪以来，国际乒联在器材、技术和赛制等方面进行了一系列的改革。一系列规则改革在技术上使得运动员技术选择和使用随意性增大，比赛胜负的偶然性增大；在国际乒坛秩序上产生了正、反两方面影响，一方面改变了中国队"一家独大"的局面，国际大赛的奖牌分布趋于多元化，另一方面，使得运动员打法逐渐呈现单一化趋势。同时国际乒联频繁修改规则还存在规则修改程序正义性、规则相对稳定性，以及权力行使过于随意等问题。要维系国际乒坛秩序的良性发展，国际乒联还需出台具体的规则改革制度，保证竞赛规则的相对稳定性，并合理行使规则修改的权力。  相似文献   

Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk for maladaptive parenting practices, and have heightened likelihood of having experienced childhood adversity themselves. In addition, parental reflective functioning (PRF), a capacity underlying sensitive caregiving, is often low in mothers with SUD. This study examines the relationship between PRF and aversive (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and neglect) and adaptive (safety and competence) experiences, in different developmental phases (early childhood, latency, and adolescence) in mothers with a SUD. A sample of 43 mothers with small children were interviewed with the Parental Developmental Interview to assess PRF, and they completed the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire regarding aversive and adaptive experiences. In addition, we used the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 to control for mental health status and a battery of neuropsychological tests to control for executive functions. Results indicated that adaptive experiences in early childhood were positively related to PRF, and that experience of emotional abuse was negatively related to PRF. When separating the group of mothers in two sub-groups based on PRF level, results showed that mothers with negative to low PRF had significantly more experiences of adversities in early childhood and latency, and significantly less adaptive experiences in early childhood, latency and adolescence, compared to mothers with moderate to high PRF. In addition, mothers with adequate to high PRF reported experiencing significantly more types of adaptive experiences, and significantly less adversities compared to mothers with negative to low PRF. Results are discussed in relation to developmental trauma, resilience, epistemic trust and mistrust.  相似文献   

Assessing Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use of Institutional Repositories by Lecturers in Nigerian Universities     

Alice A. Bamigbola  Airen E. Adetimirin 《International Information and Library Review》2020,52(2):95-107

Abstract

Institutional repositories (IRs) present platform to disseminate research findings to complement the traditional scholarly communication model. The use of IRs is beneficial to authors, host institutions, libraries and society at large. Despite the numerous benefits of IRs, there is low deposit of scholarly works by lecturers and the investment on IRs seems to be a waste. This study examined determinants of perceived ease of use (PEOU) of IRs by lecturers in Nigerian universities. A survey of lecturers received 857 respondents. Awareness, anchor and adjustment factors were found to be determinants of PEOU of Institutional repositories by lecturers in Nigerian Universities.  相似文献